What Causes Battery Corrosion?

Normal use of your vehicle can cause a corrosive, hazardous substance to appear on your battery terminals. Why does this happen? And why is cleaning your battery regularly so important?

What causes Battery Corrosion? Battery corrosion is a common phenomenon that occurs primarily due to the chemical reactions taking place within the battery. Specifically, it is triggered when hydrogen gas, which is released as a byproduct of the sulfuric acid present inside the lead-acid battery, comes into contact with the metal terminals. This interaction leads to an electrochemical reaction that gradually degrades the metal terminal. As a result of this reaction, a bluish-white powder forms, which is actually lead sulfate, a compound that signals the deterioration of the battery's functionality.

Corrosion can manifest in various ways, and its location on the battery terminals can provide critical insights into the underlying issues. For instance, if you notice a significant amount of corrosion accumulating on the positive terminal, it is often an indication that the battery is experiencing overcharging. Overcharging typically occurs when the battery is subjected to a continuous input of electrical energy beyond its capacity, leading to excess hydrogen gas production. Conversely, if the corrosion is primarily found on the negative terminal, this situation is usually linked to undercharging. Undercharging can happen in scenarios where the battery is heavily utilized—such as during short trips with high electrical loads from components like windshield wipers, air conditioning, and the radio—without sufficient time for the alternator to recharge the battery adequately. On the flip side, driving for extended periods at high speeds with minimal electrical component usage can lead to overcharging, as the alternator may generate more power than the battery can safely handle. Both of these conditions can create an environment conducive to corrosion, which, if left unchecked, can lead to more severe issues.

An overabundance of corrosion should never be ignored. If you find yourself dealing with excessive corrosion, it is crucial to recognize that this may not simply be a consequence of the battery's age. It could also indicate potential problems with other components in the vehicle's electrical system, such as the alternator or the voltage regulator. These components play vital roles in maintaining the proper charge and functionality of the battery. Consulting with a professional mechanic or technician can provide a thorough assessment of the situation, allowing for the identification of the root cause of the corrosion and the implementation of an appropriate solution. Ignoring the signs of corrosion can lead to more significant issues down the line, including battery failure or damage to other electrical components in your vehicle.

Why is Corrosion Bad? The presence of corrosion is detrimental for several reasons. The bluish-white powder that results from corrosion is nonconductive, meaning it can obstruct the flow of electrical current from the battery to the vehicle's electrical system. This blockage can lead to poor performance of electrical components, causing them to malfunction or operate inefficiently. Additionally, corrosion does not stop at the terminals; it can gradually eat away at the battery terminal itself and surrounding areas, including the vehicle chassis, electrical wiring, air conditioner lines, and other critical components. If corrosion infiltrates any wiring, it can lead to severe complications, necessitating the replacement of those wires to restore functionality.

If replacements are necessary, it is imperative to use parts specifically designed for your vehicle's make and model. Different vehicles have varying electrical loads and connector types, which means that using generic or incompatible parts can lead to further issues down the line. Properly securing the cables is also critical; if they are not tightly attached, the vibrations and movements of the vehicle can eventually cause them to lose connection or detach entirely. By using the correct parts and ensuring secure connections, you can promote long-term viability and safety for your vehicle's electrical system, ultimately extending the life of both the battery and the components it powers.

It is recommended that a professional clean your battery as working around the terminals can be dangerous. The crystalized acid corrosion can be harmful if left on skin, ingested, or gotten in the eyes. Checking and cleaning battery terminals is included in every Full Service Oil Change preformed at your local Shell Rapid Lube. Come into any of our 4 locations, and our friendly staff will get you racing off in a FLASH!

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